References
Below is a complete list of all reference materials I have used to complete LMàG.
ISBN: 0-7643-0387-2
As we all know, information on gas masks is hard to find. But finally, after many years of research, Christopher T. Carey has put it all down on paper. US Chemical and Biological Defense Respirators: An Illustrated History is currently one of few book sources dealing strictly with military respirators. For information about the history of chemical warfare and the development of US gas masks in particular, this is the book! With over 550 color photographs and 13 chapters of detailed information, it is a must have for any gas mask enthusiast. This book is available directly from:

Schiffer Publications
77 Lower Valley Road - Rte. 372
Atglen, PA 19310 - USA
TEL: +1-610-593-1777
FAX: +1-610-593-2002


ISBN: 2-904098-03-8
Here is one fine piece of French documentation on early gas masks from the W.W.I era. Le Guerre des Gaz, by Gerard Lachaux and Patrice Delhomme is filled with detailed illustrations and many black and white photographs. It is a great reference when looking for information and identifications for many of the world's oldest gas masks. This book was published by:

Éditions Hegide
66, av des Champs Elysées
75008, Paris


ISBN: 1-85753-182-5
NBC, Nuclear, Biological & Chemical Warfare on the Modern Battlefield, by John Norris and Will Fowler is a great reference containing many black and white photographs, illustrations and diagrams about chemical warfare and NBC defense technology.  Although the book lacks extreme detail in the area of defense respirators,  is is a nice book to add to your library. This book was published in 1997 by:

Brassey's Inc.
PO Box 960
Herndon, VA 22070


Contract Number:
DLA900-86-C-2045

The Worldwide NBC Mask Handbook is another helpful reference about modern defense respirators. This book, published by CBIAC/Battelle in September 1992, covers many of the world's modern NBC defense mask systems. The book has some very nice detailed information and a fair amount of black & white photographs. For more information on this text contact:

CBIAC/Battelle
2113 Emmorton Park Road
Suite 200
Edgewood, MD 21040


ISBN: 0 7106 1080 7 (1993-94)
ISBN: 0 7106 0996 5 (1992-93)

For general information about various NBC defense systems from different countries, find a copy of Jane's NBC Protection Equipment. These books are full of photographs and technical data, making them an invaluable resource for NBC defense information. For more information, contact:

Jane's Information Group
Sentinel House, 163 Brighton Road
Coulsdon, Surrey CR5 2NH
United Kingdom

Jane's Information Group
1340 Braddock Place, Suite 300
Alexandria, VA 22314-1651
United States

ISBN: 0-8090-5471-X

A Higher Form of Killing: The Secret Story of Chemical and Biological Warfare (Robert Harris and Jeremy Paxman) offers an intriguing look into the dark history of chemical and biological warfare. It covers everything from the roots of chemical warfare in W.W.I to chemical and biological threats facing the modern world. Excellent reading! This book was published in 1982 by:

Hill and Wang
19 Union Square West
New York, NY 10003

Yellow Rain (Sterling Seagrave) digs deep into the history of chemical warfare and touches on some very interesting and little known facts about the roots of chemical warfare as it began before W.W.I. A great read for the chemical warfare history enthusiast. Yellow Rain was published in 1981 by:

M. Evans and Company, Inc.
216 East 49 Street
New York, NY 10017


Library of Congress Card:
68-20868

Chemical Warfare: A Study In Restraints by Frederic J. Brown is an excellent source for information about the many reasons why and how chemical warfare was largely averted during W.W.II. How did the United States feel about chemical warfare during and after W.W.I and what changes took place during the inter-war period? Was the US ready for chemical warfare at the start of W.W.II? How did the Chemical Warfare Service come to be and what kept it from dissipating? All of these questions and more are answered in this detailed look at the state of chemical warfare during and in-between W.W.I and W.W.II. This book was published in 1968 by:

Princeton University Press
Princeton, New Jersey


ISBN: 0-7670-4337-5

The Atomic Cafe (Kevin Rafferty, Jayne Loader, Pierce Rafferty) is definitely one of the most striking films ever put together about the atomic era in the United States. For some reason, it is often found in the comedy section, while there is truly nothing funny about the things that make up this film. The film, originally released in 1982, is a fantastically compiled collection of propaganda, newsreels and government training films that were made during and after W.W.II. The Atomic Cafe was recently re-released on DVD by:

DOCU RAMA/New Video
126 Fifth Avenue, 15th fl.
New York, NY
docurama.com/newvideo.com


ISBN: 1-58565-906-1

Atomic Journeys (Produced and directed by Peter Kuran; narrated by William Shatner) is another interesting DVD about the development of atomic devices. While the film is presented in a slightly hokey fashion, it is filled with striking footage of atomic and nuclear tests. It is often frightening and depressing to know how many nuclear devices have been exploded on, in or above the earth since the 1940s. This DVD was released by:

Goldhil Home Media International
137 East Thousand Oaks Blvd. 2nd fl.
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
www.goldhil.com

Chemical Warfare by Amos A. Fries (Brigadier-General, US Chemical Warfare Service) and Clarence J. West (Major, Chemical Warfare Service Reserve Corps) is quite possibly the most important American book written about early chemical warfare history and the development of many of the earliest known gas masks. The book discusses in detail the development of various chemical agents and the devices used to protect against them. Chock full of early photos, this book is a must have for the serious chemical warfare historian. Chemical Warfare is now out of print and quite difficult to find. It was originally published in 1921 by:

McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
New York: 370 Seventh Avenue
London: 6 & 8 Bouverie St., E.C. 4

Breathing in Irrespirable Atmospheres is perhaps one of the most important historical reference books dealing with early development of respirators and breathing apparatuses. Written by Robert H. Davis in the 1930s, this book compiles one of the largest texts on the development of protective breathing devices ever. After reading this book, one could understand how the question of "who invented the first gas mask?" can be debated endlessly. Breathing in Irrespirable Atmospheres is a very difficult book to find, and often demands high prices when found. This book was released by:

The Saint Catherine Press LTD.
29, Great Queen Street
Kingsway, W.C.

Even if you cannot read German, Der Chemische Krieg is a must have for any gas mask historian and is well worth taking the time to translate. The book, written by Rudolf Hanslian, has many pages of detailed pictures relating to early gas masks and breathing apparatuses. Like Breathing in Irrespirable Atmospheres, Der Chemische Krieg is long out of print and quite difficult to find. It is however, well worth searching for. Der Chemische Krieg was published in 1937 by:

Verlag Von E.S. Mittler & Sohn
Berlin


ISBN: 0-87052-451-8

Nuclear, Biological & Chemical Warfare by Terry J. Gander is a nice read for those who would like to familiarize themselves with the technology and terms associated with NBC warfare. Gander is also responsible for editing the Jane's NBC Protection Equipment books that are released annually. Nuclear, Biological & Chemical Warfare was published in 1987 by:

Hippocrene Books, Inc.
171 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10016


ISBN: 0-87414-107-5

For those interested in topics relating to the atomic era and nuclear testing, read Bombs in the Backyard: Atomic Testing and American Politics. This book offers a frightening look at the activities of the Atomic Energy Commission from the first atomic test and throughout the atomic era. This book was written by Dina Titus and published in 1986 by:

University of Nevada Press
Reno, NV 89557


Library of Congress Card:
69-14603

CBW is another excellent source of information about the proliferation and politics of chemical and biological warfare. The book goes into descriptions of all the various weapons, as well as their usage during the 20th Century. CBW was edited by Steven Rose and published in 1969 by:

Beacon Press
Beacon BP 324


ISBN: 0-531-04925-6

Chemical and Biological Warfare by L.B. Taylor Jr. and C.L. Taylor is a great short read about the history and uses of CBW weapons. The book not only covers modern history, but also briefly delves into ancient times where rudimentary chemical and biological weapons may have been used. This book was published in 1985 by:

Impact Books

 


ISBN: 4-87090-0000-2 C0072

As we all know, quality information on Japanese uniforms and equipment can be very difficult to find, and for this reason Imperial Japanese Army and Navy Uniforms & Equipment is a must have book for any militaria collector. The entire book is loaded with full color photos of all types of WWII Japanese gear, from boots to gas masks. This book was written by Tadao Nakata and translated by Thomas Nelson. This book was published in 2000 by:

Ironside International Publishers Inc.
Alexandria, Va.


Library of Congress Card:
70-101219

The Ultimate Folly is another excellent source for information about the development and proliferation of CBW weapons. Like most books about CBW, The Ultimate Folly examines the reasons why CBW weapons should be controlled and their use avoided at all costs. The Ultimate Folly was written by Richard D. McCarthy in 1969, making the facts somewhat dated however no less important today. This book was published by:

Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
New York, NY


ISBN: 0-517-386968

The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Strategy, Tactics and Weapons of Russian Military Power is an excellent source for general information about Russia's capabilities during the Soviet years. The book is packed with excellent color and B&W photos, drawings and diagrams. The section about Soviet NBC capabilities and defense is also excellent with many rare photos of defense equipment in use. This book was edited by Ray Bonds and published in 1980 by:

Bonanza Books
One Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016


ISBN: 0-11-772732-6

Another excellent source of historical data pertaining to CBW defense technology and history is Porton Down - 75 Years of Chemical and Biological Research. This book discusses in detail the entire history of Britain's chemical and biological research headquarters, which remains to be an instrumental part of the advanced field of CBW strategy and defense. Porton Down - 75 Years of Chemical and Biological Research, was written by G B Carter and was published by:

HMSO Publications Centre
PO Box 276
London SW8 5DT


Library of Congress Card:
67-24615

The Story of Fritz Haber is an essential book for any CBW historian, as Haber played a key role in the early development of chemical weapons. This book takes you through Fritz Haber's entire scientific life, his successes and his failures, with a specific chapter on his involvement in bringing chemicals to the battlefield. The Story of Fritz Haber was written by Morris Goran and published in 1967 by:

University of Oklahoma Press
Norman, Oklahoma


ISBN: 1-86126-370-8

Soviet Uniforms & Militaria 1917-1991 is an excellent photographic reference for Soviet militaria. This large book is packed with excellent color photos illustrating some very unique Soviet gear, including several gas masks and NBC suits. This book was compiled by László Békési and György Török and published by:

The Crowood Press Ltd
Ramsbury, Marlborough
Wiltshire SN8 2HR

Other References

USA:
FM 21-40 Basic Field Manual - Defense Against Chemical Attack / September 7, 1942
FM 21-40 Small Unit Procedures In Atomic, Biological, And Chemical Warfare / November 1958
FM 21-41 Soldier's Handbook For Defense Against Chemical And Biological Operations and Nuclear Warfare / Feb. 1967
FM 21-2 Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks - Skill Level 1 / December 1982
FM 3-100 NBC Operations
FM 3-4 NBC Protection
FM 3-5 NBC Decontamination
FM 3-5 Chemical Warfare Service Field Manual - Tactics of Chemical Warfare / July 1942
FM 100-2-3 The Soviet Army - Troops, Organization, and Equipment / June 1991
TM 3-205 The Gas Mask / October 9, 1941
TM 3-205/T0 14P4-1-31 Protective Masks And Accessories / April 1955
TM 3-205 The Gas Mask / March 1951
TM 3-290 Miscellaneous Gas Proof Equipment / March 27, 1944
TM 3-350 Gasproof Shelters / May 12, 1943
TM 3-4240-280-10 Operator's Manual - Mask, Chemical-Biological, Aircraft/Tank ABC-M24/M25/M25A1 / June 15, 1983
TM 3-4240-280-10 Operator's Manual - Mask, Chemical-Biological, Aircraft/Tank ABC-M24/M25A1 / June 15, 1988
TM 3-4240-300-10-1 Chemical-Biological Mask: Field, M40 / June 1988
TM 3-4240-339-10 Chemical-Biological Mask: Field, M40/M40A1 / February 1, 1994
TM 3-4240-340-10 Chemical-Biological Mask: Combat Vehicle, M42A1 / February 25, 1994
TM 3-522-15 Mask, Protective, Field, M9 and Mask, Protective, Field, M9A1 / October 1957
TM 3-4240-279-20&P Mask, Chemical-Biological: Field ABC-M17/M17A1/M17A2 / October 1987
TM 3-4240-212-14&P - Breathing Apparatus, Oxygen-Generating, M20
TM 3-4240-312-12&P Operator's And Unit Maintenance Manual - Mask, Chemical-Biological: Aircraft, M43 / June 1988
TM 3-4240-341-10 Mask, Chemical-Biological: M45 / May 1998
TM 3-4240-269-12 Mask, Riot Control Agent, XM28E4 / April 1968
Technical Manual Chemical-Biological Mask MCU-2/P, MCU-2A/P / July 1993
The Gas Mask - An Illustrated Digest of the History and Development of the Military Gas Mask / November 1942
Breathing Apparatus (Rescue and Protective) / 1920
Instruction Manual for Navy Oxygen Rescue Breathing Apparatus Type A-1 / c. 1951
Manual for Lifeboatmen and Able Seamen, Qualified Members of Engine Department, and Tankermen / August 1, 1950
Training Guide - Chemical Warfare - Pamphlet No. 2 / May 1941
Study Guide - Chemical Warfare - Pamphlet No. 2 / October 1942
GAS! Know Your Chemical Warfare / January 1944
Chemical Warfare Service Pamphlet - Individual Protection / 1929
Chemical Warfare Service Pamphlet - Identification and First Aid Treatment of Gas Casualties / 1929
Chemical Warfare Service Pamphlet - Chemical Warfare Agents / 1929
Instruction Memorandum - Chemical Warfare / 1939
Chemical Warfare Bulletin / January 1941 Vol. 27 No. 1
Chemical Warfare Bulletin / April 1941 Vol. 27 No. 2
Chemical Warfare Bulletin / July 1941 Vol. 27 No. 3
Chemical Warfare Bulletin / April 1942
Chemical Warfare Bulletin / October 1942
Chemical Warfare Bulletin / January 1943
Chemical Warfare Bulletin / August 1943
Chemical Warfare Bulletin / July 1943
Chemical Warfare Bulletin / November 1943
Chemical Warfare Bulletin / April-May 1944
Chemical Warfare Bulletin / April-May 1945
Chemical Warfare Bulletin / June-July-August 1945
Protection Against Gas / December 1941
Development Division - Chemical Warfare Service / 1920
Fallout Protection - What To Know And Do About Nuclear Attack / December 1961
Your Gas Mask (Manual issued with Noncombatant Gas Masks)
Chemical Warfare and the Chemical Warfare Service / c. 1942
The Chemical Warfare Service in World War II - A Report of Accomplishments / February 1948
U.S. Army In World War II - The Technical Services - The Chemical Warfare Service: Chemicals In Combat / 1966
U.S. Army In World War II - The Technical Services - The Chemical Warfare Service: From Laboratory to Field / 1959
U.S. Army In World War II - The Technical Services - The Chemical Warfare Service: Organizing for War / 1959
Leatherneck - Magazine of the Marines - Vol. LXXXI, No. 12 / December 1998
History of the Army's Protective Mask / Colonel Stephen V. Reeves
The History of Military Mask Filters - Robert D. Walk / c. 2003
Converting M49 General Aviator Protective Masks to M48 Apache Aviator Masks - Robert D. Walk / c. 2003
The Modern Home Physician Illustrated / 1942
Materiel in the Hands of or Possibly Available to the Communist Forces in the Far East / June 1953
Over There! The American Soldier in World War I - Jonathan Gawne / 1997
Gas Warfare-The Chemical Weapon, Its Use, And Protection Against It / 1944
Gas Warfare-Part II.-Methods of Defense Against Gas Attacks - Army War College / January 1918
Defensive Measures Against Gas Attacks - Headquarters American Expeditionary Forces-France / November 1917
Intelligence Report on Japanese Chemical Warfare - Volume V / May 15, 1946

GERMANY:
Dräger-Gasschutz in Industrie und Luftschutz / 1942
Die Gasmaske 30 (Instruction Manual) / 1947
Gaskampf und Gasschutz von Carl Beffe / c. 1935
Chemische Plaudereien / 1934
Die Deutsche Volksgasmaske VM40 (Instruction Manual) / c. 1940
Gasjäckchen (Instruction Manual) / c. 1941
M 44 Schützt Gegen Sämtliche Chemischen Kampfstoffe / c. 1944
A 053/1/301 Persönliche Schutzausrüstung - Beschreibung und Nutzung / 1987
Auer Pamphlet - Vollmaske M65 und Vollmaske M65 Z / c. 1965
Vollmaske M 65 und Vollmaske M 65 Z (Instruction Sheet) / c. 1960s

SWITZERLAND:
Le Masque à Gaz Pour Chevaux (Instruction Manual) / 1944
ABC Schutzmaske 81 für Panzerbesatzung (Instruction Manual) / c. 1980s
Huber + Suhner AG Pamphlet - Protection Mask SM 3/SM 90 / 1996
Huber + Suhner AG Pamphlet - Protection Mask PM31/PM33 / 1998
Huber + Suhner AG - NBC Protection Mask SM-3 - Operating Manual / 1994
Huber + Suhner NBC Protection Mask PM31 - Operating Manual / c. 1990s
Huber + Suhner NBC Protection Mask PM33 - Operating Manual / c. 1990s

ESTONIA:
Kodanliku Õhukaitse Õpik (Civil Defense Manual) / 1939
Riigikaitse Õpetuse Käsiraamat (National Defense Air Raid Precaution) / 1933
15 Tuntuimat Sõjagaaasi (15 Poison Gases) / 1937
NSV Liidu Tsiviilkaitse (Air Raid Precautions) / 1982

FINLAND:
Kemira Safety Oy 1939-1999 (History of Kemira Safety) / c. 1999
M'95 Respirator for NBC Protection and Riot Control (Kemira Safety Pamphlet) / c. 1998

THE NETHERLANDS:
Vejledning i brug af Beskyttelsesmaske M/45 / June 1967

POLAND:
Instrukcja Do Maski Przeciwgazowej Filtracyjnej MC-1 + MS-4 (Instruction Sheet) / c. 1970s
Zasady Uzytkowania Maski Przeciwgazowej MP-4 (Instruction Sheet) / c. 1980s
Instrukcja Uzytkowania Maski Przeciwgazowej MP-4B (Instruction Sheet) / c. 1980s
Instrukcja Eksploatacji Maski MP-4M (Instruction Sheet) / c. 1980s
Instrukcja Uzytkowania Maska Przeciwgazowej MP-5 (Instruction Manual) / c. 1990s

THE UK:
The Poisonous Gas of Warfare - J. McBride / c. 1940
Your Gas Mask - How To Keep It and How To Use It / July 1939
Air Raid Precautions - An Album to Contain a Series of Cigarette Cards of National Importance / c. 1940s
Basic Chemical Warfare - Manual of Basic Training Volume II / 1949
The Helmet Respirator - Ministry of Home Security / c. 1940s
The Hospital Respirator For Bed Cases - Ministry of Home Security / c. 1940s
Manual of Basic Training - Volume II - Basic Chemical Warfare / 1949

ROMANIA:
Instructiuni Pentru Folosirea si Pastrarea Mastii Contra Gazelor OM Model 74 (Instruction Manual) / c. 1980s

ITALY:
La Maschera Pirelli Tipo "PIR. 35" (Instruction Manual) / 1939
La Maschera Pirelli "Rifugio T.U.O./M.N." (Instruction Manual) / 1939
Maschera In Gomma Per Popolazione Civile - Modello R.S. 38 (Instruction Manual) / 1939
La Maschera Antigas "PC 40" (Instruction Manual) / 1940

SWEDEN:
Folkgasmask TYP 32 (Instruction Manual) / c. 1932
Bicapagasmask TYP 19 (Instruction Manual) / c. 1933
Gasmask för Aktiv Civilbefolkning TYP 4 (Instruction Manual) / c. 1940s
Folkgasmask TYP 21 (Instruction Manual) / c. 1940s

FRANCE:
La Petite Illustration - La Défense Passive / 1939
Le Masque M.S.P. 1934 (Instruction Manual) / 1934
Notice technique d'utilisation et d'entretien de l'appareil normal de protection Modèles 51 M53 et 51 M53 bis / 1957
Armes Militaria Magazine - No. 191 Mensuel / Juin 2001
Armes Militaria Magazine - No. 198 Mensuel / Janvier 2002

BELGIUM:
Anti-Gasmaskers Type AG. 15 (Instruction Manual) / c. 1951
Masque Anti-Gaz Type AG. 9 (Instruction Manual) / c. 1951
Masques à Gaz - Gasmaskers Type L. 702 (Instruction Manual) / c. 1942

RUSSIA:
Военно-Химическое Дело (Military Chemical Business) / 1940
Противогаз Детский Фильтрующий Для Школьников Пдф-Ш / c. 1979
Противогаз ГП-7 (Gas Mask GP-7 Manual) / 1988
Гражданский Противогаз ГП-5 (Gas Mask GP-5 Manual) / 1974
Противогаз Промышленный Фильтрующий ППФ-87 / c. 1980s
Противогаз Гражданский ГП-5 М (Gas Mask GP-5M Manual) / 1979
Противогаз Е0-16 (Gas Mask E0-16 Manual) / 1979
Изолирующий Противогаз ИП-6 (Rebreather Gas Mask IP-6) / c. 1980s
Противогаз Изолирующий ИП-4M (Rebreather Gas Mask IP-4M) / c. 1980s
Химические Соревнования Осоавиахима (Chemical Competitions for Voluntary Civil Defense) / 1939
Начальная Военная Подготовка (Initial Military Preparations) /1983

WEB SITES:
http://gasmasklexikon.com
http://www.nbcd.org.uk
http://www.himvoiska.narod.ru
http://www.gromozeka.narod.ru/pub/takt14.htm